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I'm not familiar with the evolution of DCC as far as European prototype models are concerned, but as for North American models, the first truly DCC-Ready locomotive (Kato's 1993 E8) was only DCC-Ready by accident (or so I've been told). That basic mechanism design had been around for a while before Digitrax got around to designing a decoder to fit it.The next step in the evolution of North American DCC was Atlas's 1997 GP40-2. Atlas took their dual-lightboard GP40 mechanism (released in 1996) and redesigned it such that it used a single lightboard with motor contacts. IE, the first locomotive mechanism to be re-designed specifically for DCC.So, to answer your question - both.Cheers,-MarkP.S. Arnold's 1991 S-2 was the first North American prototype locomotive to come with a decoder. However, in my mind it wasn't technically DCC-Ready. IE, it either came with a decoder or it didn't, and the ones that didn't weren't designed to accept one.
Actually the S-2 was considered DCC ready. Perhaps a tad questionable in today's more exacting DCC-speak.
There is no "drop in" decoder option for the S-2, which I think is the best definition of DCC Readiness. If the S-2 is DCC Ready, then so is pretty much anything else.Cheers,-Mark
And to make it worse, there is pretty much no way to install even a generic decoder without modifying the metal chassis or its solid metal body. I agree that (even though DCC was a factory option) this locomotive should not be considered as DCC ready.
The next step in the evolution of North American DCC was Atlas's 1997 GP40-2. Atlas took their dual-lightboard GP40 mechanism (released in 1996) and redesigned it such that it used a single lightboard with motor contacts. IE, the first locomotive mechanism to be re-designed specifically for DCC.
Actually the Kato -9 was out first, by the time Atlas release the GP40-2 Kato was already on there second run.